Gaslighting is a manipulation tactic where one person uses misinformation, blame-shifting, and isolation to control another, often eroding their self-esteem and sense of reality. Common characteristics include twisting facts to create confusion, minimising the victim’s feelings, and isolating them from support networks. Gaslighting can lead to anxiety, depression, and a weakened sense of self, but awareness and support from trusted people can aid in recovery.

Schema Therapy is a therapeutic approach that targets long-standing negative beliefs, or "schemas," often rooted in our past or childhood, which influence present thoughts, feelings, and relationships. By identifying and challenging these maladaptive patterns, Schema Therapy empowers us to develop healthier responses and build more fulfilling connections. This therapy is particularly beneficial for those struggling with self-esteem issues, relationship difficulties, trauma, and personality disorders, as it addresses the root causes of emotional distress, promoting deep, lasting change.

CBT is an evidence-based approach that helps us identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviours by addressing the interconnectedness of thoughts, feelings, and actions. It focuses on recognising uncontrollable triggers, managing physical reactions to stress, challenging unhelpful thoughts, and by borrowing techniques from DBT we can understanding complex emotions and nuance. CBT empowers us by providing practical tools to help manage our symptoms and work to improve mental well-being over the long term.